But we do not live in an actuarial world. We live in a human one.

When his grandson was snatched off the streets of Rome and his severed ear was mailed to a newspaper to prove the kidnappers’ sincerity, the world expected Getty to write a check. The ransom was a paltry $17 million. For a man of his wealth, that was the equivalent of a middle-class person today paying for a parking ticket.

But Getty refused.

But Getty is a ghost. He is a cautionary tale dressed in a silk suit. He proves that money cannot buy you safety, cannot buy you love, and—crucially—cannot buy you time . He spends the final hours of his life counting coins while his grandson lives the rest of his life deaf in one ear, paralyzed by a stroke (caused by the trauma and subsequent drug abuse), and ultimately dying a decade later, broken by the very world his grandfather’s money built. So, what is the takeaway? Is it simply that billionaires are sociopaths? Perhaps. But the lesson runs deeper.

And that is the poorest man who ever lived.